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SCOLA: Citation Style

Welcome

Welcome to the OZU Library Citation Style Guide.This guide is designed to direct you to authoritative online and print resources that will help you format your references.  There are many different citation styles. In this guide you will find information about the two citation styles most widely used in the International Relations APA and Chicago.  

It's important to show what sources you use in your research. If you aren't sure what style you need to use, consult your class syllabus or verify with your instructor.

Please feel free to contact the library if you would like additional help.

APA Style

APA Style provides a foundation for effective scholarly communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, precise, and inclusive manner.

A reference list entry generally has four elements: the author, date, title, and source. Each element answers a question:

  • author: Who is responsible for this work?
  • date: When was this work published?
  • title: What is this work called?
  • source: Where can I retrieve this work?

Additional Resources About APA

GENERAL RESOURCES:

            Learn more about references and citations for specific types of resources:

FORMATTING / STYLE:

IN-TEXT CITATIONS:

REFERENCES:

Adapted from "Citation Guides: APA Style?" by Butler University. Retrieved from https://libguides.butler.edu/c.php?g=34051&p=216828 

Video: Introducing the APA 7th Edition

Chicago Style

Chicago citation style was created by the University of Chicago. Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date.

1. Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations

2. Author-Date: Sample Citations

If you already know which system to use, follow one of the links above to see sample citations for a variety of common sources. If you are unsure about which system to use, read on.

Notes and Bibliography or Author-Date?

The notes and bibliography system is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. The notes and bibliography system can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don’t fit neatly into the author-date system.

The author-date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year of publication. Each in-text citation matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.

Aside from the use of numbered notes versus parenthetical references in the text, the two systems share a similar style. Follow the links at the top of this page to see examples of some of the more common source types cited in both systems.

Most authors choose the system used by others in their field or required by their publisher. Students who are unsure of which system to use will find more information here.

For CMOS 17 contents please click here

Additional Resources About Chicago

Video: How to Cite in Chicago Style

Video was created by the Laurier Library.